Mc Clelland’s Achievement or Need Theory

Mc Clelland’s Achievement or Need Theory

David C Mc Clelland was an American psychologist, noted for his work on Need Theory, a Harvard psychologist, has proposed that there are three major relevant motives, most needs in work place situations. According to him, the motives are

1. The Need for Achievement. Like- strives to succeed.

Some characteristics of those person who need achievement motivation

Has a strong need to set and accomplish challenging goals.
Takes calculated risks to accomplish their goals.
Likes to receive regular feedback on their progress and achievements.
Often likes to work alone.

2. The Need for Affiliation. Like- warm relationship with others.

Characteristics of those person who need affiliation motivation

Wants to belong to the group.
Wants to be liked, and will often go along with whatever the rest of the group wants to do.
Favors collaboration over competition.
Doesn't like high risk or uncertainty.

3. The Need for Power. Like- controls other people.

Characteristics of person

Wants to control and influence others.
Likes to win arguments.
Enjoys competition and winning.
Enjoys status and recognition.

According to Mc Clelland, every motive is acquired except striving for pleasure and avoiding pain. He proposed that people acquire these needs for achievement, power and affiliation through experiences over the time. On the job, people are motivated by these needs, and the manager can learn to recognize these needs in workers and use them to motivate behavior.

Mc Clelland used the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) to study human needs. The TAT process involves asking respondents to look at pictures and write stories about what they see in the pictures. The stories are then analyzed to find certain themes that represent various human needs.

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