Maslow’s Need Hierarchy Theory

Maslow’s Need Hierarchy Theory

Abraham Harold Maslow, an eminent US psychologist, gave a general theory of motivation known as Need Hierarchy Theory in 1943. According to him, there seems to be a hierarchy into which human needs are arranged. The needs are as follows

1. Physiological Needs – These needs are related to the survival and maintenance of life. These include hunger, thirst, shelter, sex and other bodily needs.

2. Safety or Security Needs – These consist of physical safety against murder, fire accident, security against unemployment etc.

3. Social or Love Needs – These needs are also called as affiliation needs. These consist of need for love, affection, belonging or association with family, friends and other social groups.

4. Esteem or Ego Needs – The esteem needs are concerned with self respect, self confidence, feeling of personal worth, feeling of being unique and recognition. Satisfaction of these needs produces feeling of self confidence, prestige, power and control.

5. Self Actualization or Self Fulfillment Needs – Self actualization is the need to maximize one‘s potential, whatever it may be. It is the need to fulfill what a person considers to be his real mission in life. It helps in individual to realize one‘s potentialities to the maximum.

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