Organization: An organization is a deliberate arrangement of people to accomplish some specific purpose, goals e.g. hospital, profit or non-profit organization, hotels etc. “An Organization is a system of consciously coordinated activities or efforts of two or more persons”.- Chester Barnard, Management Consultant. Organizations can be thought as “social entities that are goal directed, deliberately structured activity systems with a permeable boundary” according to Bedeian and Zamnuto. The basic characteristics of Organizations: ü Division of labor: dividing up the many tasks of the organization into specialized jobs ü Hierarchy of authority: Who manages whom? ü Span of control: Who manages whom? ü Line vs. staff positions ü Decentralization