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Herzberg’s Two Factor Theory of motivation

Herzberg’s Two Factor Theory - The motivation – hygiene theory was proposed by Fredrick Herzberg, a well known psychologist, in 1959. According to Herzberg, there are two separate factors that influence motivation. They are



(i) Hygiene or maintenance factors and
(ii) Motivational factors.

Hygiene Factors - They are also called as dissatisfiers. The presence of these factors will not motivate people in an organization. Otherwise dissatisfaction will arise. Herzberg called these factors as maintenance factors because they are necessary to maintain a reasonable level of satisfaction in the employees. Any increase beyond this level will not provide any satisfaction to the employees; however, any cut below this level will dissatisfy them.

 Hygiene or maintenance factors like
  1. Company policy
  2. Supervision
  3. Relationship with boss
  4. Work condition
  5. Salary
  6. Relationship with peers
Motivation Factors - These factors are satisfiers. These are a set of job conditions which operate primarily to build strong motivational factors. According to Herzberg, the six motivational factors motivate the employees are achievement, recognition, advancement, challenging work, possibilities for growth and responsibility.  

Motivational factor like
  1. Achiebement
  2. Recognition 
  3. Work itself
  4. Responsibility
  5. Promotion
  6. Growth
 However, Herzberg model is not applied in all conditions. The classification as maintenance and motivating factors can only be made on the basis of level of persons‘ need satisfaction and relative strength of various needs.  

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