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Ethics, Culture and the classification of culture

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Ethics
Ethics is not recent phenomenon. Ethical codes have been prepared along with the development of human civilization. In olden days, people might have found some of their actions was wrong and others right. The question what is right and what is wrong gave birth to ethical and unethical codes.  

The word ethics is derived from the Greek word "Ethikos" and Latin word 'Ethicus' mean custom or character. The concept of ethics deals with human beings. So it is a social science. Ethics is a branch of philosophy and is considered as normative science because it is concerned with norms of human beings. 

In the words of Peter.F.Drucker, ―Ethics deals with right actions of individuals‖  Ethics includes the following 
       1. Well based standards: Ethics refers to well based standards of right and wrong that prescribe                what humans ought to do 
       2. Study and development of one‘s ethical standards: Ethics refers to the study and development              of one‘s ethical standards. 

Culture 
Culture is the man made part of the environment which provides a comprehensive frame work for understanding the way of life of a person, his beliefs, values, norms, behavior etc. Culture is one of those terms that are difficult to express clearly, but everyone knows it when they sense it. Our behavior is driven by three forces:
       1. Human Nature: this is inherited and universally shared across all human cultures 
       2. Culture: Our collective programming which is learned, not inherited
       3. Personality: Personality is the additional unique set of mental pro-gramme not shared with                  other human beings. It is partly inherited and partly learned.

 Organization culture is the [personality of the organization. Culture is comprised of the assumptions, values, norms and tangible signs of   organization‘s members and their behaviors.

Kinds of Cultures

1. Strong Culture: in strong culture, the conceptual principles or values are translated very directly into people‘s day to day lives. For example, the military has a definite set of values and very strong culture. They are enforced through external rules and regulations as well as internal education.

2. Weak Culture: some have a set of generally accepted conceptual values, yet these do not really translate to daily life. For example, religious values in western countries. 


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